tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10165215492333033492024-02-19T03:02:14.255-08:00NewsThe Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-84258779651775907102012-03-20T07:56:00.007-07:002012-03-20T09:26:08.638-07:00"Out-of-Africa" Theory Wrong, But Still Popular<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuN5ntgyy2gpuEh-XeYZCjsIUdgdn2CAb90gSusTiWVTUd6tBZhqJM4VHQNaorN6sMSaEpy7Yyh_101YUri5NRu7zDFrWKKGFJaWwsvAkP12OSsQ5GH1MjUq_usBMGNgriquvNDwo0_Q/s1600/dna-project-unlocks-migration-secret-of-early-humans-not-out-of-africa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuN5ntgyy2gpuEh-XeYZCjsIUdgdn2CAb90gSusTiWVTUd6tBZhqJM4VHQNaorN6sMSaEpy7Yyh_101YUri5NRu7zDFrWKKGFJaWwsvAkP12OSsQ5GH1MjUq_usBMGNgriquvNDwo0_Q/s400/dna-project-unlocks-migration-secret-of-early-humans-not-out-of-africa.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>Here's a summary from the New York Times [<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/31/science/gains-in-dna-are-speeding-research-into-human-origins.html?_r=2">DNA Turning Human Story Into a Tell-All</a>]:<br />
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The tip of a girl’s 40,000-year-old pinky finger found in a cold Siberian cave, paired with faster and cheaper genetic sequencing technology, is helping scientists draw a surprisingly complex new picture of human origins. <br />
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The new view is fast supplanting the traditional idea that modern humans triumphantly marched out of Africa about 50,000 years ago, replacing all other types that had gone before.<br />
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Instead, the genetic analysis shows, modern humans encountered and bred with at least two groups of ancient humans in relatively recent times: the Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and Asia, dying out roughly 30,000 years ago, and a mysterious group known as the Denisovans, who lived in Asia and most likely vanished around the same time.<br />
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Their DNA lives on in us even though they are extinct. “In a sense, we are a hybrid species,” Chris Stringer, a paleoanthropologist who is the research leader in human origins at the Natural History Museum in London, said in an interview.<br />
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Comparing genomes, scientists concluded that today’s humans outside Africa carry an average of 2.5 percent Neanderthal DNA, and that people from parts of Oceania also carry about 5 percent Denisovan DNA. A study published in November found that Southeast Asians carry about 1 percent Denisovan DNA in addition to their Neanderthal genes. It is unclear whether Denisovans and Neanderthals also interbred. <br />
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A third group of extinct humans, Homo floresiensis, nicknamed “the hobbits” because they were so small, also walked the earth until about 17,000 years ago. It is not known whether modern humans bred with them because the hot, humid climate of the Indonesian island of Flores, where their remains were found, impairs the preservation of DNA. <br />
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But Dr. Reich and his team have determined through the patterns of archaic DNA replications that a small number of half-Neanderthal, half-modern human hybrids walked the earth between 46,000 and 67,000 years ago, he said in an interview. The half-Denisovan, half-modern humans that contributed to our DNA were more recent. <br />
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And Peter Parham, an immunologist at the Stanford University School of Medicine, has used an analysis of modern and ancient immune-system genetic components — alleles — to figure out that one of the Denisovan-modern couplings most likely took place in what is now southeastern China. He has also found some evidence that a Neanderthal-modern pair mated in west Asia. <br />
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The most recent find in China, fossils from merely 11,000 years ago, supports the multiregional theory and deals another blow to the obsolete out-of-africa model.<br />
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<strong>more evidence for multiregional</strong><br />
<br />
Genetics & Genealogy: Is Out-of-Africa Going Out The Door? <br />
<a href="http://www.ramsdale.org/dna4.htm">http://www.ramsdale.org/dna4.htm</a><br />
Short Sharp Science: Did early humans evolve in Europe, not Africa? <br />
<a href="http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/09/did-early-humans-evolve-in-eur.html">http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/09/did-early-humans-evolve-in-eur.html</a><br />
Out-of-Africa Theory of ancient human migration being challenged by discovery of 1.8 million-year-old hand axe in Malaysia <br />
<a href="http://arkeologis.wordpress.com/2009/02/26/out-of-africa-theory-of-ancient-human-migration-being-challenged/">http://arkeologis.wordpress.com/2009/02/26/out-of-africa-theory-of-ancient-human-migration-being-challenged/</a><br />
BBC NEWS | Tools unlock secrets of early man. New research shows early humans were living in Britain around 700,000 years ago, substantially earlier than had previously been thought <br />
<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4526264.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4526264.stm</a><br />
Reuters: Bones show humans in Europe 1.2 mln years ago<br />
<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/03/26/us-humans-fossil-spain-idUSL2692730020080326">http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/03/26/us-humans-fossil-spain-idUSL2692730020080326</a><br />
The Independent: A skull that rewrites the history of man <br />
<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-skull-that-rewrites-the-history-of-man-1783861.html">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-skull-that-rewrites-the-history-of-man-1783861.html</a> <br />
New Scientist: Were our earliest hominid ancestors European?<br />
<a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17225-were-our-earliest-hominid-ancestors-european.html?DCMP=OTC-rss">http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17225-were-our-earliest-hominid-ancestors-european.html?DCMP=OTC-rss</a><br />
New Scientist: Chinese challenge to 'out of Africa' theory <br />
<a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18093-chinese-challenge-to-out-of-africa-theory.html">http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18093-chinese-challenge-to-out-of-africa-theory.html</a><br />
China's earliest human puts 'out of Africa' theory to test <br />
<a href="http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/9186.aspx">http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/9186.aspx</a> <br />
Georgian skeletons challenge 'out of Africa' theory <br />
<a href="http://www.tgdaily.com/general-sciences-features/43912-georgian-skeletons-challenge-out-of-africa-theory">http://www.tgdaily.com/general-sciences-features/43912-georgian-skeletons-challenge-out-of-africa-theory</a><br />
Chinese Scientists Launch New Challenge to ‘Out of Africa’ Theory : Multiregional bones discovered <br />
<a href="http://www.arthurkemp.com/?p=443">http://www.arthurkemp.com/?p=443</a><br />
10,000-year-old Chinese Fossil Poses Challenge to 'Out of Africa' Theory <br />
<a href="http://heritage-key.com/blogs/michael-kan/110000-year-old-chinese-fossil-poses-challenge-out-africa-theory">http://heritage-key.com/blogs/michael-kan/110000-year-old-chinese-fossil-poses-challenge-out-africa-theory</a><br />
BBC News | SCI/TECH | Fossil challenge to Africa theory Australian Fossil challenge to Africa theory <br />
<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1108413.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1108413.stm</a><br />
Early Human Remains Challenge 'Out of Africa' Theory <br />
<a href="http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/201503/early_human_remains_challenge_out_of.html">http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/201503/early_human_remains_challenge_out_of.html</a><br />
Scientists Challenge Evolution Theory DNA Shows Modern Humans Not Just From Africa, Say Scientists <br />
<a href="http://www.lauralee.com/news/evolutionchallenged.htm">http://www.lauralee.com/news/evolutionchallenged.htm</a><br />
Mungo Man Mungo man disproves out of Africa <br />
<a href="http://www.donsmaps.com/mungo.html">http://www.donsmaps.com/mungo.html</a> <br />
Dmanisi Man and the Out of Africa fairytale <br />
<a href="http://rokus01.wordpress.com/2009/12/08/dmanisi-man-and-the-out-of-africa-fairytale/">http://rokus01.wordpress.com/2009/12/08/dmanisi-man-and-the-out-of-africa-fairytale/</a><br />
Not Out of Africa | Human Evolution | DISCOVER Magazine Not out of Africa says scientist <br />
<a href="http://discovermagazine.com/2002/aug/featafrica">http://discovermagazine.com/2002/aug/featafrica</a><br />
Anthropologists Dispute Latest ‘Out of Africa’ Claims <br />
<a href="http://anthropology.net/2007/07/21/anthropologists-dispute-latest-out-of-africa-claims/">http://anthropology.net/2007/07/21/anthropologists-dispute-latest-out-of-africa-claims/</a><br />
Scientists forced to re-write evolution of modern man<br />
<a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1341973/Did-humans-come-Middle-East-Africa-Scientists-forced-write-evolution-modern-man.html">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1341973/Did-humans-come-Middle-East-Africa-Scientists-forced-write-evolution-modern-man.html</a> <br />
Did first humans come out of Middle East and not Africa? <br />
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/8227204/Did-the-first-humans-come-out-of-Middle-East.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/8227204/Did-the-first-humans-come-out-of-Middle-East.html</a> <br />
The History of Man is being rewritten in Georgia<br />
<a href="http://www.caucaz.com/home_eng/breve_contenu.php?id=129">http://www.caucaz.com/home_eng/breve_contenu.php?id=129</a> <br />
<br />
A skull that rewrites the history of man - Science, News <br />
<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-skull-that-rewrites-the-history-of-man-1783861.html">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-skull-that-rewrites-the-history-of-man-1783861.html</a><br />
Did Early Man Take His First Steps In Asia? <br />
<a href="http://meta-religion.com/Archaeology/Asia/Other/first_step_asia.htm">http://meta-religion.com/Archaeology/Asia/Other/first_step_asia.htm</a><br />
Chinese skull discovery may cause human origins rethink<br />
<a href="http://en.rian.ru/science/20080124/97644883.html">http://en.rian.ru/science/20080124/97644883.html</a> <br />
Blacks, Whites and Asians have different ancestors – and did not come from Africa, claims scientist <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/whites-asians-did-not-come-from-africa/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/whites-asians-did-not-come-from-africa/</a> <br />
A critique of the African-origin theory <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/critique-of-the-african-origin-theory/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/critique-of-the-african-origin-theory/</a> <br />
Humans Not As Genetically Identical As We Thought <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/humans-not-genetically-identical/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/humans-not-genetically-identical/</a> <br />
New Race/Species of Human Discovered <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/12/new-race-species-of-human-discovered116/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/12/new-race-species-of-human-discovered116/</a> <br />
Studies contradict view that race doesn’t exist <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/12/different-races/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/12/different-races/</a> <br />
400,000 year-old teeth may 'change picture of evolution' <br />
<a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/middle-east/4497784/Ancient-teeth-find-may-change-picture-of-evolution">http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/middle-east/4497784/Ancient-teeth-find-may-change-picture-of-evolution</a> <br />
Ancient skeletons discovered in Georgia threaten to overturn the theory of human evolution<br />
<a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1212060/Ancient-skeletons-discovered-Georgia-threaten-overturn-theory-human-evolution.html">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1212060/Ancient-skeletons-discovered-Georgia-threaten-overturn-theory-human-evolution.html</a> <br />
Out of Asia: New Origin Proposed for Humans, Monkeys, Apes<br />
<a href="http://www.livescience.com/8843-asia-origin-proposed-humans-monkeys-apes.html">http://www.livescience.com/8843-asia-origin-proposed-humans-monkeys-apes.html</a> <br />
"Out of Africa" View of Early Human Origins Disputed <br />
<a href="http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/07/river-out-of-ed.html">http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/07/river-out-of-ed.html</a> <br />
Study stirs up debate over human origins - Technology & science <br />
<a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19832535/ns/technology_and_science-science/">http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19832535/ns/technology_and_science-science/</a>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-36693134836153986252012-03-16T05:31:00.003-07:002012-03-16T05:34:12.803-07:0019,000 year old Virginia Flint Knife came from France<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXDEzPKMcTdYn670OJLGv8JauiJa8bB65Hxyl9cTkSJHYDh_whsonjr__FRbUQGI7EUl0iey7QfZxeuxw7HcFi0qENp8M21X6wXYX0fVG8j-_bqPdf1sOLrivv-EDhi24_PjSt39hv1w/s1600/solutrean-clovis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="180" width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXDEzPKMcTdYn670OJLGv8JauiJa8bB65Hxyl9cTkSJHYDh_whsonjr__FRbUQGI7EUl0iey7QfZxeuxw7HcFi0qENp8M21X6wXYX0fVG8j-_bqPdf1sOLrivv-EDhi24_PjSt39hv1w/s400/solutrean-clovis.jpg" /></a></div><br />
New archaeological evidence suggests that America was first discovered by Stone Age people from Europe – 10,000 years before the Siberian-originating ancestors of the American Indians set foot in the New World.<br />
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A remarkable series of several dozen European-style stone tools, dating back between 19,000 and 26,000 years, have been discovered at six locations along the US east coast. Three of the sites are on the Delmarva Peninsular in Maryland, discovered by archaeologist Dr Darrin Lowery of the University of Delaware. One is in Pennsylvania and another in Virginia. A sixth was discovered by scallop-dredging fishermen on the seabed 60 miles from the Virginian coast on what, in prehistoric times, would have been dry land.<br />
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The new discoveries are among the most important archaeological breakthroughs for several decades - and are set to add substantially to our understanding of humanity's spread around the globe.<br />
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The similarity between other later east coast US and European Stone Age stone tool technologies has been noted before. But all the US European-style tools, unearthed before the discovery or dating of the recently found or dated US east coast sites, were from around 15,000 years ago - long after Stone Age Europeans (the Solutrean cultures of France and Iberia) had ceased making such artefacts. Most archaeologists had therefore rejected any possibility of a connection. But the newly-discovered and recently-dated early Maryland and other US east coast Stone Age tools are from between 26,000 and 19,000 years ago - and are therefore contemporary with the virtually identical western European material.<br />
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What’s more, chemical analysis carried out last year on a European-style stone knife found in Virginia back in 1971 revealed that it was made of French-originating flint.<br />
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Professor Dennis Stanford, of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, and Professor Bruce Bradley of the University of Exeter, the two leading archaeologists who have analysed all the evidence, are proposing that Stone Age people from Western Europe migrated to North America at the height of the Ice Age by travelling (over the ice surface and/or by boat) along the edge of the frozen northern part of the Atlantic. They are presenting their detailed evidence in a new book - Across Atlantic Ice – published this month.<br />
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At the peak of the Ice Age, around three million square miles of the North Atlantic was covered in thick ice for all or part of the year.<br />
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However, the seasonally shifting zone where the ice ended and the open ocean began would have been extremely rich in food resources – migrating seals, sea birds, fish and the now-extinct northern hemisphere penguin-like species, the great auk.<br />
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Stanford and Bradley have long argued that Stone Age humans were quite capable of making the 1500 mile journey across the Atlantic ice - but till now there was comparatively little evidence to support their thinking.<br />
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But the new Maryland, Virginia and other US east coast material, and the chemical tests on the Virginian flint knife, have begun to transform the situation. Now archaeologists are starting to investigate half a dozen new sites in Tennessee, Maryland and even Texas – and these locations are expected to produce more evidence.<br />
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Another key argument for Stanford and Bradley’s proposal is the complete absence of any human activity in north-east Siberia and Alaska prior to around 15,500 years ago. If the Maryland and other east coast people of 26,000 to 19,000 years ago had come from Asia, not Europe, early material, dating from before 19,000 years ago, should have turned up in those two northern areas, but none have been found.<br />
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Although Solutrean Europeans may well have been the first Americans, they had a major disadvantage compared to the Asian-originating Indians who entered the New World via the Bering Straits or along the Aleutian Islands chain after 15,500 years ago.<br />
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Whereas the Solutreans had only had a 4500 year long ‘Ice Age’ window to carry out their migratory activity, the Asian-originating Indians had some 15,000 years to do it. What’s more, the latter two-thirds of that 15 millennia long period was climatologically much more favourable and substantially larger numbers of Asians were therefore able to migrate.<br />
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As a result of these factors the Solutrean (European originating) Native Americans were either partly absorbed by the newcomers or were substantially obliterated by them either physically or through competition for resources.<br />
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Some genetic markers for Stone Age western Europeans simply don’t exist in north- east Asia – but they do in tiny quantities among some north American Indian groups. Scientific tests on ancient DNA extracted from 8000 year old skeletons from Florida have revealed a high level of a key probable European-originating genetic marker. There are also a tiny number of isolated Native American groups whose languages appear not to be related in any way to Asian-originating American Indian peoples.<br />
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But the greatest amount of evidence is likely to come from under the ocean – for most of the areas where the Solutreans would have stepped off the Ice onto dry land are now up to 100 miles out to sea.<br />
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The one underwater site that has been identified - thanks to the scallop dredgers – is set to be examined in greater detail this summer – either by extreme-depth divers or by remotely operated mini submarines equipped with cameras and grab arms.<br />
<br />
<center><object width="480" height="360"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/VkrbIc-OMtE?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/VkrbIc-OMtE?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="360" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></center>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-58628553930155550112012-03-13T18:51:00.003-07:002012-03-13T18:58:27.678-07:00Evidence for Multiregional Human Origins<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMqnJRoxuKPKg7m1wnBEZQfQuyobAMvbaar-2NGwKNe5A2S20tPv5h5-a5BPfuD8L4PuvhMt2ubPuQzVkkidDsOEUZwKlr14JlGQsXTBA8xeKzMGeq_kyKkV0YlPp13Sd6WGF_ep6nyQ/s1600/multiregional.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMqnJRoxuKPKg7m1wnBEZQfQuyobAMvbaar-2NGwKNe5A2S20tPv5h5-a5BPfuD8L4PuvhMt2ubPuQzVkkidDsOEUZwKlr14JlGQsXTBA8xeKzMGeq_kyKkV0YlPp13Sd6WGF_ep6nyQ/s320/multiregional.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<br />
Genetics & Genealogy: Is Out-of-Africa Going Out The Door? <br />
<a href="http://www.ramsdale.org/dna4.htm">http://www.ramsdale.org/dna4.htm</a><br />
<br />
<br />
China's earliest human puts 'out of Africa' theory to test <br />
<a href="http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/9186.aspx">http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/9186.aspx</a> <br />
<br />
<br />
Short Sharp Science: Did early humans evolve in Europe, not Africa? <br />
<a href="http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/09/did-early-humans-evolve-in-eur.html">http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/09/did-early-humans-evolve-in-eur.html</a><br />
<br />
Out-of-Africa Theory of ancient human migration being challenged by discovery of 1.8 million-year-old hand axe in Malaysia <br />
<a href="http://arkeologis.wordpress.com/2009/02/26/out-of-africa-theory-of-ancient-human-migration-being-challenged/">http://arkeologis.wordpress.com/2009/02/26/out-of-africa-theory-of-ancient-human-migration-being-challenged/</a><br />
<br />
BBC NEWS | Tools unlock secrets of early man. New research shows early humans were living in Britain around 700,000 years ago, substantially earlier than had previously been thought <br />
<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4526264.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4526264.stm</a><br />
<br />
Reuters: Bones show humans in Europe 1.2 mln years ago<br />
<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/03/26/us-humans-fossil-spain-idUSL2692730020080326">http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/03/26/us-humans-fossil-spain-idUSL2692730020080326</a><br />
<br />
The Independent: A skull that rewrites the history of man <br />
<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-skull-that-rewrites-the-history-of-man-1783861.html">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-skull-that-rewrites-the-history-of-man-1783861.html</a> <br />
<br />
New Scientist: Were our earliest hominid ancestors European?<br />
<a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17225-were-our-earliest-hominid-ancestors-european.html?DCMP=OTC-rss">http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17225-were-our-earliest-hominid-ancestors-european.html?DCMP=OTC-rss</a><br />
<br />
New Scientist: Chinese challenge to 'out of Africa' theory <br />
<a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18093-chinese-challenge-to-out-of-africa-theory.html">http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18093-chinese-challenge-to-out-of-africa-theory.html</a><br />
<br />
Georgian skeletons challenge 'out of Africa' theory <br />
<a href="http://www.tgdaily.com/general-sciences-features/43912-georgian-skeletons-challenge-out-of-africa-theory">http://www.tgdaily.com/general-sciences-features/43912-georgian-skeletons-challenge-out-of-africa-theory</a><br />
<br />
Chinese Scientists Launch New Challenge to ‘Out of Africa’ Theory : Multiregional bones discovered <br />
<a href="http://www.arthurkemp.com/?p=443">http://www.arthurkemp.com/?p=443</a><br />
<br />
10,000-year-old Chinese Fossil Poses Challenge to 'Out of Africa' Theory <br />
<a href="http://heritage-key.com/blogs/michael-kan/110000-year-old-chinese-fossil-poses-challenge-out-africa-theory">http://heritage-key.com/blogs/michael-kan/110000-year-old-chinese-fossil-poses-challenge-out-africa-theory</a><br />
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BBC News | SCI/TECH | Fossil challenge to Africa theory Australian Fossil challenge to Africa theory <br />
<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1108413.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1108413.stm</a><br />
<br />
Early Human Remains Challenge 'Out of Africa' Theory <br />
<a href="http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/201503/early_human_remains_challenge_out_of.html">http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/201503/early_human_remains_challenge_out_of.html</a><br />
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Scientists Challenge Evolution Theory DNA Shows Modern Humans Not Just From Africa, Say Scientists <br />
<a href="http://www.lauralee.com/news/evolutionchallenged.htm">http://www.lauralee.com/news/evolutionchallenged.htm</a><br />
<br />
Mungo Man Mungo man disproves out of Africa <br />
<a href="http://www.donsmaps.com/mungo.html">http://www.donsmaps.com/mungo.html</a> <br />
<br />
Dmanisi Man and the Out of Africa fairytale <br />
<a href="http://rokus01.wordpress.com/2009/12/08/dmanisi-man-and-the-out-of-africa-fairytale/">http://rokus01.wordpress.com/2009/12/08/dmanisi-man-and-the-out-of-africa-fairytale/</a><br />
<br />
Not Out of Africa | Human Evolution | DISCOVER Magazine Not out of Africa says scientist <br />
<a href="http://discovermagazine.com/2002/aug/featafrica">http://discovermagazine.com/2002/aug/featafrica</a><br />
<br />
Anthropologists Dispute Latest ‘Out of Africa’ Claims <br />
<a href="http://anthropology.net/2007/07/21/anthropologists-dispute-latest-out-of-africa-claims/">http://anthropology.net/2007/07/21/anthropologists-dispute-latest-out-of-africa-claims/</a><br />
<br />
Scientists forced to re-write evolution of modern man<br />
<a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1341973/Did-humans-come-Middle-East-Africa-Scientists-forced-write-evolution-modern-man.html">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1341973/Did-humans-come-Middle-East-Africa-Scientists-forced-write-evolution-modern-man.html</a> <br />
<br />
Did first humans come out of Middle East and not Africa? <br />
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/8227204/Did-the-first-humans-come-out-of-Middle-East.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/8227204/Did-the-first-humans-come-out-of-Middle-East.html</a> <br />
<br />
The History of Man is being rewritten in Georgia<br />
<a href="http://www.caucaz.com/home_eng/breve_contenu.php?id=129">http://www.caucaz.com/home_eng/breve_contenu.php?id=129</a> <br />
A skull that rewrites the history of man - Science, News <br />
<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-skull-that-rewrites-the-history-of-man-1783861.html">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-skull-that-rewrites-the-history-of-man-1783861.html</a><br />
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Did Early Man Take His First Steps In Asia? <br />
<a href="http://meta-religion.com/Archaeology/Asia/Other/first_step_asia.htm">http://meta-religion.com/Archaeology/Asia/Other/first_step_asia.htm</a><br />
<br />
Chinese skull discovery may cause human origins rethink<br />
<a href="http://en.rian.ru/science/20080124/97644883.html">http://en.rian.ru/science/20080124/97644883.html</a> <br />
<br />
Blacks, Whites and Asians have different ancestors – and did not come from Africa, claims scientist <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/whites-asians-did-not-come-from-africa/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/whites-asians-did-not-come-from-africa/</a> <br />
<br />
A critique of the African-origin theory <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/critique-of-the-african-origin-theory/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/critique-of-the-african-origin-theory/</a> <br />
<br />
Humans Not As Genetically Identical As We Thought <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/humans-not-genetically-identical/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/09/humans-not-genetically-identical/</a> <br />
<br />
New Race/Species of Human Discovered <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/12/new-race-species-of-human-discovered116/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/12/new-race-species-of-human-discovered116/</a> <br />
<br />
Studies contradict view that race doesn’t exist <br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/12/different-races/">http://www.articlesafari.com/2010/12/different-races/</a> <br />
<br />
400,000 year-old teeth may 'change picture of evolution' <br />
<a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/middle-east/4497784/Ancient-teeth-find-may-change-picture-of-evolution">http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/middle-east/4497784/Ancient-teeth-find-may-change-picture-of-evolution</a> <br />
<br />
Ancient skeletons discovered in Georgia threaten to overturn the theory of human evolution<br />
<a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1212060/Ancient-skeletons-discovered-Georgia-threaten-overturn-theory-human-evolution.html">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1212060/Ancient-skeletons-discovered-Georgia-threaten-overturn-theory-human-evolution.html</a> <br />
<br />
Out of Asia: New Origin Proposed for Humans, Monkeys, Apes<br />
<a href="http://www.livescience.com/8843-asia-origin-proposed-humans-monkeys-apes.html">http://www.livescience.com/8843-asia-origin-proposed-humans-monkeys-apes.html</a> <br />
<br />
"Out of Africa" View of Early Human Origins Disputed <br />
<a href="http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/07/river-out-of-ed.html">http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/07/river-out-of-ed.html</a> <br />
<br />
Study stirs up debate over human origins - Technology & science <br />
<a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19832535/ns/technology_and_science-science/">http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19832535/ns/technology_and_science-science/</a>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-85433845562810450882012-02-24T06:06:00.014-08:002012-02-24T06:40:50.227-08:00Age of Bearded Giants<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfwFmBjrIu4bAGyH_5PKru9cK1aNi6mQ1-dOPPGR4obPgEvfiHg3-JJVddxgrJAb3yyrOrcJVVozZFUBIh0YqgB2nrA33HMeQ9M1mRY0V6a9t8xaq09NyETJ583PbipwsAy9ITgcShIg/s1600/Mi-neek-e-sunk-te-ca.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfwFmBjrIu4bAGyH_5PKru9cK1aNi6mQ1-dOPPGR4obPgEvfiHg3-JJVddxgrJAb3yyrOrcJVVozZFUBIh0YqgB2nrA33HMeQ9M1mRY0V6a9t8xaq09NyETJ583PbipwsAy9ITgcShIg/s320/Mi-neek-e-sunk-te-ca.jpg" width="270" /></a>It appears that there have been some gross inaccuracies and misunderstandings that have led scientists to accept an oversimplified model of human entry into America via the Bering land bridge during the height of the last ice age. No consideration to the possibility that ocean crossings played a significant part in the populating of the Americas, has been given. Recent studies of the tool kits of the first Americans suggest an entry from Spain and not from Siberia. Not only this, but paleolithic Caucasian genes appear to form the basal layer of the genetic makeup of many native Americans, helping to confirm a trans-Atlantic entry into Central America between 18,000 and 12,000 years ago. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Recent discoveries of three 15,000 year old Cro magnon man skeletons in an underwater cave in the Bahamas suggests that the above is true and correct.</div><br />
Almost all archaeology to date has been based on the discovery of sites that are above sea level. Sea levels rose to present day levels about 6,000 years ago, therefore there has to be a great deal hidden underwater prior to this event, distorting the picture of early habitation of our planet. Factors that determined human settlement 20,000 years ago were much the same as they are today, as a result the preferred sites for towns and cities would have been on the coast. The sea provided unhindered passage to other towns for trade (no mountains, canyons, powerful river currents, jungles, deserts or hostile tribes to interfere with ones passage). Not only that, but boats were the trucks of the olden days, transporting large cargoes for trade. <br />
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Many megalithic monuments around the world are made from rocks that have been transported hundreds of kilometres away from their source, suggesting that large sailing boats were in use 6,000 years ago and possibly as early as 18,000 years ago. Boats were one of the earliest forms of communal transport invented by man, seaworthy boats would have expanded mans horizons immeasurably. As a result of him using the 'highways of the sea', his desire to determine where he was going, fueled a revolution in astronomy, mathematics, trigonometry and ultimately world trade. The Polar meltdown between 7,000 and 5,500 years ago talked about later in this chapter would not only have produced a rapid rise in sea level, but also, the iso static rebound would have caused subsidence of weak crustal areas such as the mid Atlantic Ridge, causing earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis, resulting in the devastation of coastal towns and the decimation of all seafaring nations around the world. Not only did it destroy the people of this time, but also much of the knowledge which they possessed.<br />
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This was not the only catastrophic rise in sea level that early man has had to deal with, there were others. It was after these events that we find the survivors taking an interest in swamp agriculture around lakes and on highland plateaus without fear of inundation. <br />
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It appears that archaeologists may have mistaken this regrouping of man after the final floods as the beginning of agriculture and civilization. <br />
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Aztec and Toltec history identifies that 17,608 years ago was the beginning of "The Age of the First Sun" or the "Age of White Haired Giants", or in Inca history - the Age of Viracochas - the “White and Bearded Gods”. According to European archaeology, Cro Magnon man was quite tall, had pale skin, blonde hair and was capable of growing beards. It sounds to me like cultures on either side of the Atlantic are describing the same breed of man. <br />
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Archaeological finds in America appear to confirm the existence of very tall people being the base layer of the Native American cultures. A skeleton estimated as being 10,000 years old was found in the ‘tomb of Palli Aike' in Tierra del Fuego in 1969-70 and has been identified as Cro-Magnon, which indicates that these people also spread to South America. <br />
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In the book, The Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, author John Haywood describes; "very large" bones in stone graves found in Williamson County, Tennessee, in 1821. In White County, Tennessee, an "ancient fortification" contained skeletons of gigantic stature averaging at least 7 feet in length.<br />
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In February and June of 1931, large skeletons were found in the Humboldt lake bed near Lovelock, Nevada. The first of these two skeletons found appeared to have been wrapped in a gum-covered fabric similar to the Egyptian manner. The second skeleton was almost 7 feet long. (Review - Miner, June 19, 1931).<br />
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George W. Hill, M.D., dug out a skeleton "of unusual size" in a mound of Ashland County, Ohio. In 1879, another tall skeleton was excavated from a mound near Brewersville, Indiana (Indianapolis News, Nov 10, 1975)<br />
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Just as black haired Greeks had an earlier past of taller blonde and red haired people (the Titans), so did the Amerindians.<br />
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13,600 years ago In Aztec legends, was the beginning of the Age of the Second Sun - the “Golden Age” and is remembered in Incan legends as the “Age of Giants”. This Age lasted 4,010 years, it began with the Biblical and Sumerian Great Flood, followed by the Deluge and ended with a calamity involving the Wind Serpent. The demise of Atlantis was somewhere in the middle of this.<br />
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European legends from Ireland, Brittany, Spain and North Africa and Egypt talk of their legendary homeland being on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, and in some legends it was called Atlantis. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiUhM18nWIz8zfYjhexaAZH9Jr8lkaBJCUOp_XautUJqrNBtqObFeCPn0ZhNDlAHvyo8iazo-Hzy0IC6abL4k7Prk5MZdXL-EVJPITcZxfZxXn39GfDtLyi7K9-LL4-kGu-sIo8XFhSg/s1600/Atlantisrevealed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiUhM18nWIz8zfYjhexaAZH9Jr8lkaBJCUOp_XautUJqrNBtqObFeCPn0ZhNDlAHvyo8iazo-Hzy0IC6abL4k7Prk5MZdXL-EVJPITcZxfZxXn39GfDtLyi7K9-LL4-kGu-sIo8XFhSg/s400/Atlantisrevealed.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
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This map shows the position of the coastline during the height of the last ice age about 18,000 years ago. Seafloor topography clearly reveals the island of Atlantis in the Mid Atlantic. This area was pushed up to the ocean surface during the height of the last ice age as a reaction to the weight of over 3 km of ice on the poles, which depressed the crust in the Polar regions and caused weak areas of the the crust in mid lattitudes to distend outwards as the planet attempted to find an equilibrium. This effect would not be noticed on the continents as their thickness of 30 km or more would resist distortion, but the7-10km thin oceanic floors, especially the Mid Atlantic ridge where a seam of magma reaches the surface, would display the greatest amount of distortion, forcing the seafloor to rise a correspondingly similar distance to the depression at the poles - that is 2-3km. Today we are likely to witness a similar situation with Iceland - another island on the mid Atlantic ridge. As global warming continues to melt the ice at the poles, Iceland too, risks a sudden collapse under the surface of the ocean. <br />
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It is no coincidence that many Central American place names are also derived from the fabled city of Atlantis. Aztlan, Azatlan, Atlanta, Tlan, Tolan, Tulan, and Tenochtitlan are all linguistically similar. The people of these cities would most likely have been descendants of the survivors of Atlantis. The Grand Bahama Banks - a shallow area of sea that 10,000 years ago would have been an island as big as Ireland and appears to have had trading ports around its perimeter. So far 60 sites have been found exhibiting remnants of buildings and ring structures. <br />
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When comparing Platos story to this area it all fitted except for talk of horses and elephants in the city. I then looked up mammal extinctions in North America, to find that Mastodons and horses became extinct approximately 11,000 years ago! This correlates perfectly with the Clovis hunters and the time of Atlantis.<br />
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Archaeological evidence shows that the Clovis people multiplied and spread across North America from the Gulf of Mexico about 13,000 years ago. This period abruptly ended with the demise of the megafauna of North America along with end of the Clovis people. According to the Aztecs, 7,590 B.C. or 9,500 years ago was the beginning of the Age of the Third Sun also called the“Age of the Red Haired People. <br />
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These people were the survivors of the second age who had come by ship from the east to the New World, settling in the area he called Botonchan; they encountered there giants who also survived the second age, and became enslaved by them. <br />
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Not only did the Age of Red heads end in America and Begin in Europe at this time, but it also marks the massive genetic bottleneck in East Asia when the Thais, Tibetans, Tlingit, Haida and Hawaiians dispersed from the Taiwanese people.<br />
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Many people seem to think that Celts influenced American culture and ancient petroglyphs and megalithic monuments may seem to suggest this, but what one is seeing here is a dispersal of culture not to America, but from America.<br />
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After the final sea level rises 6,000 years ago, wiping the Bahama Banks clean of any civilization, there was a major shift in world populations. Remnants of this culture of Red Heads went their separate ways.The Celts took the Gulf stream back to their ancestral homeland of Europe, wheras the Anasazi, Hopi, Zuni, Algonquian and Auracano, just to name a few remained in mainland America and began to mix with incoming Asians who had suffered a similar catastrophe of Sea level rises on the East Asian coastline.<br />
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There are also suggestions that the Celts were in New Zealand before the Maori. This is not strictly true, they too along with the Red Heads of Rapa nui were also fragments of the Age of the Red Heads in America. The Picts of Scotland were probably from a similar tribe to the the Tattooed Red Heads of the Pacific. <br />
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It appears that Cro Magnon man was much more than a dirty unshaven bloodthirsty barbaric troglodite who hunted animals and dragged women around by the hair. It seems that there was once a highly sophistocated civilization that influenced many cultures around the world before it was destroyed by the hand of nature.The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-42292647444437668352012-02-22T08:09:00.000-08:002012-02-22T08:17:56.007-08:00Sophisticated Cave Men: DNA Fully Modern!<h3>Scientists Claim Cro Magnon DNA Unchanged for 28,000 Years</h3><br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/cro-magnon1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1455" height="450" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/cro-magnon1.jpg" title="cro-magnon" width="375" /></a>If Neanderthal is supposed to have lived in Europe beginning 300,000 years ago and Cro-Magnon for the last 30,000 years or so and it turns out that their “Modern” DNA is unchanged since that time; when did we do all that evolving? <br />
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A Cro-Magnon DNA sequence supposedly 28,000 years old was obtained from fossil bones discoverd in the Paglicci cave, in Italy. The results show that the DNA is identical to the DNA sequences of certain modern Europeans. <br />
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<strong>The DNA sequence has remained static and unchanged in over 28,000 years.</strong><br />
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Of course this means that Cro Magnon was a fully modern individual who perhaps was built more strongly and had a larger brain capacity. The study went further. They sequenced the DNA of the 123 people who could have been in contact with the fossils since their discovery to rule out contamination by modern humans. <br />
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That should shut the mouth of the naysaying scientists who were having a wee bit of trouble seeing their cave man vanish into thin air. <br />
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A short time ago, in another article earlier this year, about Neanderthal man scientists reported that their DNA sequencing of a “38,000 year old Neanderthal man showed that his DNA matched “modern man” by 99.99%. That’s the same DNA match that exists between any two people living today.<br />
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<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/cro_magnon.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1465" height="259" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/cro_magnon-300x259.jpg" title="cro_magnon" width="300" /></a>That being said, science has now found that the entire cave man evolutionary myth, made “real” by portraying “Cro-Magnon” and “Neanderthal man” as short, brutish, dumb and hairy “cave men” has been replaced with a new reality, which unlike most of Darwinism is actually backed up by the fossil record. <br />
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Cro Magnon and Neanderthal, both had larger brains than modern man, and neither were ever found in Africa. <br />
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There are still scientists at this very moment who claim that Neanderthal could not speak, that he had no language and that he did not interbreed with Cro-Magnon or “Modern” man. There are still scientists who claim that “Cro”magnon” never learned how to ride a horse. These evolutionists refuse to come out of the cave.<br />
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As enlightening as these findings are, the authors still claim that these two populations lived side by side by as much as 10,000 years without interbreeding, which could seem plausible if you’re convinced you’re dealing with a “pre-human group” and a “human group”. The truth is however, that we’re dealing with men as modern as you and I. Recent sequencing of the neanderthal genome has conclusively shown that not only did Cro Magnon and Neanderthal interbreed, but that all current Caucasian and Asian populations share Neanderthal genetics. The article abstract follows;<br />
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<strong>Abstract Background</strong><br />
DNA sequences from ancient speciments may in fact result from undetected contamination of the ancient specimens by modern DNA, and the problem is particularly challenging in studies of human fossils. Doubts on the authenticity of the available sequences have so far hampered genetic comparisons between anatomically archaic (Neandertal) and early modern (Cro-Magnoid) Europeans.<br />
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<strong>Methodology/Principal Findings</strong><br />
We typed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable region I in a 28,000 years old Cro-Magnoid individual from the Paglicci cave, in Italy (Paglicci 23) and in all the people who had contact with the sample since its discovery in 2003.<br />
The Paglicci 23 sequence, determined through the analysis of 152 clones, is the Cambridge reference sequence, and cannot possibly reflect contamination because it differs from all potentially contaminating modern sequences.<br />
<br />
<strong>Conclusions/Significance:</strong><br />
The Paglicci 23 individual carried a mtDNA sequence that is still common in Europe, and which radically differs from those of the almost contemporary Neandertals, demonstrating a genealogical continuity across 28,000 years, from Cro-Magnoid to modern Europeans. <br />
Because all potential sources of modern DNA contamination are known, the Paglicci 23 sample will offer a unique opportunity to get insight for the first time into the nuclear genes of early modern Europeans.<br />
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<center><object width="420" height="315"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/AnbzzFyUZGw?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/AnbzzFyUZGw?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="420" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></center>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-61384091634611889692012-02-20T06:30:00.000-08:002012-02-20T06:41:36.902-08:00China finds pyramid in ancient tomb<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5svdOc1bSGz0ByfaOOyoHvj7EntNSH56Dslo0ikc0fgog00VM7rM6TT4x8iGBAAtEKBJxMESXiXK5hT4J824KcNhPgwoPSothRsBRTa8FZoCo29yuKFQk-fOnzlzFGqOIfhFxHBlTGA/s1600/chinapyramidsbl5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5svdOc1bSGz0ByfaOOyoHvj7EntNSH56Dslo0ikc0fgog00VM7rM6TT4x8iGBAAtEKBJxMESXiXK5hT4J824KcNhPgwoPSothRsBRTa8FZoCo29yuKFQk-fOnzlzFGqOIfhFxHBlTGA/s320/chinapyramidsbl5.jpg" width="320" /></a>BEIJING - Chinese researchers say they have found a strange pyramid-shaped chamber while surveying the massive underground tomb of China's first emperor. Remote sensing equipment has revealed what appears to be a 100-foot-high room above Emperor Qin Shihuang's tomb near the ancient capital of Xi'an in Shaanxi province, the official Xinhua News Agency reported.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div>The room has not been excavated. Diagrams of the chamber are based on data gathered over five years using radar and other remote sensing technologies, the news agency said.<br />
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Archaeologist Liu Qingzhu of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was quoted as saying the room is unlike any ever found in a Chinese tomb.<br />
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"Qin himself was very unusual, so it's not unexpected that his tomb should also be unique," Liu told the news agency.<br />
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Archaeologists theorize that because the room was built on top of Qin's mausoleum and seems to have ladder-like steps leading up, it was intended as a passageway for his spirit, Xinhua said.<br />
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Qin is credited with starting construction of the Great Wall and commissioning an army of terra cotta soldiers to guard his tomb.<br />
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Thousands of the terra cotta warriors were discovered more than 20 years ago by peasants from a local commune who were sinking wells.<br />
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<object height="315" width="420"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ppl-TBO3stI?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ppl-TBO3stI?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="420" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-7194308793446599712012-02-16T20:30:00.000-08:002012-02-16T20:33:39.827-08:00Nevada’s Mysterious Cave of The Red-Haired Giants<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6YvkeEzKo2QbpAYnXrPPUo6G9ZIiZ7Wd1_2xirPLuauYkLdaCVx121-42u_yqF7sZi8Q6mh1c0mEppm23kb5E7gwMBbnqgqSGYBKE0wa_i_aVD3YoxDRbvtN-T8qxhTUzluLH25EYQ/s1600/red.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6YvkeEzKo2QbpAYnXrPPUo6G9ZIiZ7Wd1_2xirPLuauYkLdaCVx121-42u_yqF7sZi8Q6mh1c0mEppm23kb5E7gwMBbnqgqSGYBKE0wa_i_aVD3YoxDRbvtN-T8qxhTUzluLH25EYQ/s320/red.jpg" width="320" /></a>Many Native American tribes from the Northeast and Southwest still relate the legends of the red-haired giants and how their ancestors fought terrible, protracted wars against the giants when they first encountered them in North America 15,000 years ago. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Others, like the Aztecs and Mayans recorded their encounters with a race of giants to the north when they ventured out on exploratory expeditions. Who were these red-haired giants that <strong>history books have ignored</strong>? </div><br />
Their burial sites and remains have been discovered on nearly every continent. In the United States they have been unearthed in Virginia and New York state, Michigan, Illinois and Tennessee, Arizona and Nevada. And it’s in the state of Nevada that the story of the native Paiute’s wars against the giant red-haired men transformed from a local myth to a scientific reality during 1924 when the Lovelock Caves were excavated.<br />
<br />
At one time the Lovelock Cave was known as Horseshoe cave because of its U-shaped interior. The cavern—located about 20 miles south of modern day Lovelock, Nevada, is approximately 40-feet deep and 60-feet wide. It’s a very old cave that pre-dates humans on this continent. In prehistoric times it lay underneath a giant inland lake called Lahontan that covered much of western Nevada. Geologists have determined the cavern was formed by the lake’s currents and wave action.<br />
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The Legend<br />
<strong>The Paiutes, a Native-American tribe indigenous to parts of Nevada, Utah and Arizona, told early white settlers about their ancestors’ battles with a ferocious race of white, red-haired giants. According to the Paiutes, the giants were already living in the area.</strong><br />
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The Paiutes named the giants “Si-Te-Cah” that literally means “tule-eaters.” The tule is a fibrous water plant the giants wove into rafts to escape the Paiutes continuous attacks. They used the rafts to navigate across what remained of Lake Lahontan. According to the Paiutes, the red-haired giants stood as tall as 8-feet and were a vicious, unapproachable people that killed and ate captured Paiutes as food. [Overestimation is to be expected.]<br />
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The Paiutes told the early settlers that after many years of warfare, all the tribes in the area finally joined together to rid themselves of the giants. One day as they chased down the <em>few</em> remaining red-haired enemy, the fleeing giants took refuge in a cave. The tribal warriors demanded their enemy come out and fight, but the giants steadfastly refused to leave their sanctuary. Frustrated at not defeating their enemy with honor [underestimation is to be expected], the tribal chiefs had warriors fill the entrance to the cavern with brush and then set it on fire in a bid to force the giants out of the cave. The few that did emerge were instantly slain with volleys of arrows. The giants that remained inside the cavern were asphyxiated. [--"Honorably," I presume] Later, an earthquake rocked the region and the cave entrance collapsed leaving only enough room for bats to enter it and make it their home.<br />
<br />
The Excavation<br />
Thousands of years later the cave was rediscovered and found to be loaded with bat guano almost 6-feet deep. Decaying bat guano becomes saltpeter, the chief ingredient of gunpowder, and was very valuable. Therefore, in 1911 a company was created specifically to mine the guano. As the mining operation progressed, skeletons and fossils were found. The guano was mined for almost 13 years before archaeologists were notified about the findings. Unfortunately, by then many of the artifacts had been accidentally destroyed or simply discarded. Nevertheless, what the scientific researchers did recover was staggering: over 10,000 artifacts were unearthed including the mummified remains of two red-haired giants—one, a female 6.5-feet tall, the other male, over 8-feet tall. Many of the artifacts (but not the giants) can be viewed at the small natural history museum located in Winnemucca, Nevada. <br />
<br />
Confirmation of the Myth<br />
As the excavation of the cave progressed, the archaeologists came to the inescapable conclusion that the Paiutes <strong>myth was no myth</strong>; it was true. What led them to this realization was the discovery of many broken arrows that had been shot into the cave and a dark layer of burned material under sections of the overlaying guano. <strong>Among the thousands of artifacts recovered from this site of an unknown people is what some scientists are convinced is a <em>calendar</em>: a donut-shaped stone with exactly 365 notches carved along its outside rim and 52 corresponding notches along the inside.</strong><br />
<br />
But that was not to be the final chapter of red-haired giants in Nevada. In February and June of 1931, two very large skeletons were found in the Humboldt dry lake bed near Lovelock, Nevada. One of the skeletons measured 8.5-feet tall and was later described as having been wrapped in a gum-covered fabric similar to Egyptian mummies. The other was nearly 9-feet long. [Nevada Review-Miner newspaper, June 19, 1931.]<br />
<br />
<object width="420" height="315"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/JlvgTxt3wqw?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/JlvgTxt3wqw?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="420" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-900733345668580782012-02-13T20:00:00.000-08:002012-02-13T20:01:33.526-08:00Is The U.S. Government Covering Up Amazing Archaeological Finds In The Grand Canyon?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil48OUnSrOSMUanDVV5W38L7YyasAEar6AxLPH7wAhaeW8g5zpqcrTGMgA9O-tsKDALwfIXAilKBmAGEwVgqkjp4ZbYaTCQkTCsE-0xc_H_SUX-YHFIXLVg8nF1WmWSQrPawknyh46fA/s1600/EXPLORATIONS-IN-GRAND-CANYON.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil48OUnSrOSMUanDVV5W38L7YyasAEar6AxLPH7wAhaeW8g5zpqcrTGMgA9O-tsKDALwfIXAilKBmAGEwVgqkjp4ZbYaTCQkTCsE-0xc_H_SUX-YHFIXLVg8nF1WmWSQrPawknyh46fA/s320/EXPLORATIONS-IN-GRAND-CANYON.bmp" width="158" /></a>Is the U.S. government covering up evidence that the ancient Egyptians once traveled as far as the Grand Canyon? As far-fetched as that may seem, there is some evidence that suggest that may be exactly what is happening. On April 5th, 1909, a front page story in the Arizona Gazette reported that a team of explorers had made absolutely mind blowing archaeological discoveries in the heart of the Grand Canyon. The team was apparently funded by the Smithsonian Institute, and the article mentions structures and hieroglyphics that the team found which were described as being "Egyptian" in nature. Unfortunately, after this initial news report there were never any other reports about this extraordinary discovery. So did this discovery really happen? Is it being covered up? Is there evidence sitting in caverns near the Grand Canyon that would change everything that we believe about North American history? </div><br />
Here we have is the April 5th, 1909 article from the Arizona Gazette. The article text is posted below.... <br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>EXPLORATIONS IN GRAND CANYON </strong></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mysteries of Immense Rich Cavern being brought to light </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jordan is enthused<br />
Remarkable finds indicate ancient people migrated from Orient </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The latest news of the progress of the explorations of what is now regarded by scientists as not only the oldest archaeological discovery in the United States, but one of the most valuable in the world, which was mentioned some time ago in the Gazette, was brought to the city yesterday by G.E. Kinkaid, the explorer who found the great underground citadel of the Grand Canyon during a trip from Green River, Wyoming, down the Colorado, in a wooden boat, to Yuma, several months ago.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">According to the story related to the Gazette by Mr. Kinkaid, the archaeologists of the Smithsonian Institute, which is financing the expeditions, have made discoveries which almost conclusively prove that the race which inhabited this mysterious cavern, hewn in solid rock by human hands, was of oriental origin, possibly from Egypt, tracing back to Ramses. If their theories are borne out by the translation of the tablets engraved with hieroglyphics, the mystery of the prehistoric peoples of North America, their ancient arts, who they were and whence they came, will be solved. Egypt and the Nile, and Arizona and the Colorado will be linked by a historical chain running back to ages which staggers the wildest fancy of the fictionist.</span><br />
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A Thorough Examination<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Under the direction of Prof. S. A. Jordan, the Smithsonian Institute is now prosecuting the most thorough explorations, which will be continued until the last link in the chain is forged. Nearly a mile underground, about 1480 feet below the surface, the long main passage has been delved into, to find another mammoth chamber from which radiates scores of passageways, like the spokes of a wheel.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Several hundred rooms have been discovered, reached by passageways running from the main passage, one of them having been explored for 854 feet and another 634 feet. The recent finds include articles which have never been known as native to this country, and doubtless they had their origin in the orient. War weapons, copper instruments, sharp-edged and hard as steel, indicate the high state of civilization reached by these strange people. So interested have the scientists become that preparations are being made to equip the camp for extensive studies, and the force will be increased to thirty or forty persons. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mr. Kinkaid's Report </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mr. Kinkaid was the first white child born in Idaho and has been an explorer and hunter all his life, thirty years having been in the service of the Smithsonian Institute. Even briefly recounted, his history sounds fabulous, almost grotesque. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"First, I would impress that the cavern is nearly inaccessible. The entrance is 1,486 feet down the sheer canyon wall. It is located on government land and no visitor will be allowed there under penalty of trespass. The scientists wish to work unmolested, without fear of archaeological discoveries being disturbed by curio or relic hunters. A trip there would be fruitless, and the visitor would be sent on his way. The story of how I found the cavern has been related, but in a paragraph: I was journeying down the Colorado river in a boat, alone, looking for mineral. Some forty-two miles up the river from the El Tovar Crystal canyon, I saw on the east wall, stains in the sedimentary formation about 2,000 feet above the river bed. There was no trail to this point, but I finally reached it with great difficulty.<br />
Above a shelf which hid it from view from the river, was the mouth of the cave. There are steps leading from this entrance some thirty yards to what was, at the time the cavern was inhabited, the level of the river. When I saw the chisel marks on the wall inside the entrance, I became interested, securing my gun and went in. During that trip I went back several hundred feet along the main passage till I came to the crypt in which I discovered the mummies. One of these I stood up and photographed by flashlight. I gathered a number of relics, which I carried down the Colorado to Yuma, from whence I shipped them to Washington with details of the discovery. Following this, the explorations were undertaken. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Passages </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"The main passageway is about 12 feet wide, narrowing to nine feet toward the farther end. About 57 feet from the entrance, the first side-passages branch off to the right and left, along which, on both sides, are a number of rooms about the size of ordinary living rooms of today, though some are 30 by 40 feet square. These are entered by oval-shaped doors and are ventilated by round air spaces through the walls into the passages. The walls are about three feet six inches in thickness. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The passages are chiselled or hewn as straight as could be laid out by an engineer. The ceilings of many of the rooms converge to a center. The side-passages near the entrance run at a sharp angle from the main hall, but toward the rear they gradually reach a right angle in direction. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Shrine </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Over a hundred feet from the entrance is the cross-hall, several hundred feet long, in which are found the idol, or image, of the people's god, sitting cross-legged, with a lotus flower or lily in each hand. The cast of the face is oriental, and the carving this cavern. The idol almost resembles Buddha, though the scientists are not certain as to what religious worship it represents. Taking into consideration everything found thus far, it is possible that this worship most resembles the ancient people of Tibet. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Surrounding this idol are smaller images, some very beautiful in form; others crooked-necked and distorted shapes, symbolical, probably, of good and evil. There are two large cactus with protruding arms, one on each side of the dais on which the god squats. All this is carved out of hard rock resembling marble. In the opposite corner of this cross-hall were found tools of all descriptions, made of copper. These people undoubtedly knew the lost art of hardening this metal, which has been sought by chemicals for centuries without result. On a bench running around the workroom was some charcoal and other material probably used in the process. There is also slag and stuff similar to matte, showing that these ancients smelted ores, but so far no trace of where or how this was done has been discovered, nor the origin of the ore. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Among the other finds are vases or urns and cups of copper and gold, made very artistic in design. The pottery work includes enamelled ware and glazed vessels. Another passageway leads to granaries such as are found in the oriental temples. They contain seeds of various kinds. One very large storehouse has not yet been entered, as it is twelve feet high and can be reached only from above. Two copper hooks extend on the edge, which indicates that some sort of ladder was attached. These granaries are rounded, as the materials of which they are constructed, I think, is a very hard cement. A gray metal is also found in this cavern, which puzzles the scientists, for its identity has not been established. It resembles platinum. Strewn promiscuously over the floor everywhere are what people call "cats eyes”, a yellow stone of no great value. Each one is engraved with the head of the Malay type. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Hieroglyphics </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"On all the urns, or walls over doorways, and tablets of stone which were found by the image are the mysterious hieroglyphics, the key to which the Smithsonian Institute hopes yet to discover. The engraving on the tables probably has something to do with the religion of the people. Similar hieroglyphics have been found in southern Arizona. Among the pictorial writings, only two animals are found. One is of prehistoric type. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Crypt </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"The tomb or crypt in which the mummies were found is one of the largest of the chambers, the walls slanting back at an angle of about 35 degrees. On these are tiers of mummies, each one occupying a separate hewn shelf. At the head of each is a small bench, on which is found copper cups and pieces of broken swords. Some of the mummies are covered with clay, and all are wrapped in a bark fabric.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The urns or cups on the lower tiers are crude, while as the higher shelves are reached, the urns are finer in design, showing a later stage of civilization. It is worthy of note that all the mummies examined so far have proved to be male, no children or females being buried here. This leads to the belief that this exterior section was the warriors' barracks. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Among the discoveries no bones of animals have been found, no skins, no clothing, no bedding. Many of the rooms are bare but for water vessels. One room, about 40 by 700 feet, was probably the main dining hall, for cooking utensils are found here. What these people lived on is a problem, though it is presumed that they came south in the winter and farmed in the valleys, going back north in the summer.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Upwards of 50,000 people could have lived in the caverns comfortably. One theory is that the present Indian tribes found in Arizona are descendants of the serfs or slaves of the people which inhabited the cave. Undoubtedly a good many thousands of years before the Christian era, a people lived here which reached a high stage of civilization. The chronology of human history is full of gaps. Professor Jordan is much enthused over the discoveries and believes that the find will prove of incalculable value in archaeological work. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"One thing I have not spoken of, may be of interest. There is one chamber of the passageway to which is not ventilated, and when we approached it a deadly, snaky smell struck us. Our light would not penetrate the gloom, and until stronger ones are available we will not know what the chamber contains. Some say snakes, but other boo-hoo this idea and think it may contain a deadly gas or chemicals used by the ancients. No sounds are heard, but it smells snaky just the same. The whole underground installation gives one of shaky nerves the creeps. The gloom is like a weight on one's shoulders, and our flashlights and candles only make the darkness blacker. Imagination can revel in conjectures and ungodly daydreams back through the ages that have elapsed till the mind reels dizzily in space.”</span>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-83799063737109251042011-12-26T18:45:00.000-08:002011-12-26T19:31:05.260-08:00Who were the red-haired giants of North America?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYl3u2m9H7d0G90JMiokx_QCXlXE0zFMeVScYSyLm-9fSOOZ1OmvqZrmy8zLyZBQL4fTpqbdEPwjdtkKgW_ZWp0LVgcdOWRE2YzR3bBS5hE4bYWkJzju82Me6oPoY85LZXNFKE1FX18w/s1600/giants_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYl3u2m9H7d0G90JMiokx_QCXlXE0zFMeVScYSyLm-9fSOOZ1OmvqZrmy8zLyZBQL4fTpqbdEPwjdtkKgW_ZWp0LVgcdOWRE2YzR3bBS5hE4bYWkJzju82Me6oPoY85LZXNFKE1FX18w/s320/giants_4.jpg" width="251" /></a>“<strong>On the earth there once were giants</strong>.”</div>- Greek poet Homer, 400 B.C.E.<br />
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Few Americans alive today are aware that once real giants roamed this land – giant red-haired humans. Most Americans believe that the Native Americans were the first to inhabit the North American continent. Yet there were others – a much more ancient race that walked the hills and valleys, the plains and deserts of the pre-Colombian Americas.<br />
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Evidence of giant humans – people seven to ten feet tall – exists in the fossil records, tools and other artifacts recovered from archaeological digs. Giant skeletal remains have awed and sometimes frightened researchers and explorers as far back as the Sixteenth Century.<br />
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Some present day Native American tribes still recite the legends of the giants and how their ancestors fought wars against them when they arrived in North America 15,000 years ago only to find the giants already here. Others, like the Aztecs and Mayans recorded their encounters with a race of giants to the north when they ventured out on expeditions.<br />
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<strong>European explorers meet living giants</strong><br />
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The earliest Western explorers who wrote about the giants of North America included Magellan, Sir Francis Drake, Spanish explorer Desoto, and Commodore Byron the grandfather of the famous poet, Lord Byron. <a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/patagonian-giants-1768.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1283" height="300" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/patagonian-giants-1768-209x300.jpg" title="patagonian-giants-1768" width="209" /></a>Not all encounters with giants were post-mortems. A well-documented sighting by Magellan occurred in 1520 near the harbor of San Julian, Mexico. There, Magellan and his crew came upon a red-haired giant that stood nearly ten feet tall and whom Magellan described as having a “voice like a bull.” Later, Magellan learned from normal-sized natives that the giant belonged to a neighboring tribe. Remarkably, Magellan’s logs show that he and his crew captured two of these living giants and brought them aboard his ship intending to bring them back to Europe. Unfortunately the giants grew ill and they both died during the return voyage. Magellan had their remains buried at sea.<br />
Fifty-eight years later giants still roamed San Julian. None other than Sir Francis Drake recorded encountering several red-haired men who stood over nine feet tall. In the years that followed many more explorers and seafarers also reported seeing giants roaming that area.<br />
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Two lesser known explorers, Jacob le Maire and Wilhelm Schouten, discovered an intact skeleton of a pair of nine-foot humans. They each entered meticulous descriptions of the skeletons in their journals. If a race of mostly red-haired giants dwelled in the Americas for many centuries, wouldn’t their remains and artifacts – not to mention the sites where they lived – still remain? They do! And many are found in the “mounds.”<br />
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<strong>The mysterious mounds and mound builders</strong><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/mound.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-1285" height="200" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/mound-300x200.jpg" title="mound" width="300" /></a> The mounds (some are flattened pyramidal structures) are ceremonial and religious sites that have been covered over with earth as the centuries marched forward. Most mounds resemble small, flattened hills. <br />
<br />
The mounds are scattered throughout the Midwest from as far south as Tennessee stretching northwards into Wisconsin, westwards to Oklahoma, and eastwards into West Virginia. Excavation of most mounds has unearthed many artifacts and the remains of average-sized humans. But older mounds have been discovered containing the skeletal remains of giants . . . giants with red hair. Yet, in relation to the number of the mounds that exist barely any have been investigated. The few gigantic skeletons found in some have been derisively dismissed or suppressed as aberrations. Ten and twelve foot humans do not fit dogmatic theories. Usually when giant skeletons are found they’re laughed off as hoaxes. Unfortunately orthodox science has too much to lose by investigating the mounds thoroughly.<br />
Archaeologists cannot deny that the mound builders are real. What they deny are the things sometimes discovered inside the mounds. Over the past century and a half it’s been revealed again and again that some of the mounds – and the small pyramids – are the burial grounds of huge men often eight feet or taller that had a very sophisticated culture. Some of the giants have been found wearing intricate leather armor and have been buried with swords. One such giant was found near Spiro Mound in Oklahoma during the 1930s.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Lovelock-Cave-Giant-Jaw.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-full wp-image-1287" height="248" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Lovelock-Cave-Giant-Jaw.jpg" title="Lovelock-Cave-Giant-Jaw" width="260" /></a><strong>A Smithsonian conspiracy?</strong><br />
<br />
Sadly, there is evidence to suggest that the preeminent Smithsonian Institute has itself acquired artifacts and the remains of giants and then quietly suppressed knowledge of their acquisition. An odd story from the late Ivan T. Sanderson, a popular author of many books and respected zoologist, supports the allegation some make that the Smithsonian has had a penchant for burying inconvenient artifacts since the 1800s.<br />
<br />
Sanderson received a letter from a former Navy Seabee who’d been posted at a base on one of the Aleutian Islands southeast of mainland Alaska during the Second World War. The Seabee was an engineer and had overseen a crew building a new airstrip. During the construction a small group of hills (possibly mounds) had been razed by a bulldozer. To their astonishment the crew discovered human remains. The unsuspecting Seabees uncovered the rest of the “hills” and revealed an ancient graveyard containing the bones of giants. Most of the surviving bones were skulls and the remains of thigh bones. <br />
<br />
The Seabee’s letter described the site in some detail and then went on to mention that the skulls measured an incredible two feet from their bases to their crowns, much larger than normal human skulls. By extrapolation the engineer concluded that the actual men had stood as high as twelve to fourteen feet.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/strange-skull-giant.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1289" height="300" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/strange-skull-giant.jpg" title="strange-skull-giant" width="300" /></a> Always the intrepid investigator at heart, Sanderson sought confirmation and corroboration. He contacted other members of that military unit and received another reply. The second letter from one of the crew members basically reiterated the engineer’s story.<br />
Both letters Sanderson had received asserted that the Smithsonian Institute had been sent the giants’ remains. Each man also mentioned that they had never heard anything further about the matter. When Sanderson contacted the Smithsonian they replied that they had no record of ever receiving any such skeletal remains.<br />
<br />
Convinced that the Smithsonian had obtained the shipment from the Navy men in the Aleutians, Sanderson puzzled over the reason why the Institute lied, “Is it that these people [the Smithsonian Institute] cannot face rewriting all the text books?”<br />
<br />
<strong>Giants in Marion County, West Virginia</strong><br />
<br />
Researcher and crypto-archaeologist Dave Cain has studied the records concerning discoveries of ancient giants that have been excavated in and around Marion County, West Virginia: “Of the many archaeological mysteries, one of the most enigmatic has been discoveries of giant prehistoric human skeletons.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/3a.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-full wp-image-1294" height="374" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/3a.jpg" title="3a" width="300" /></a> “Marion County was home to part of the ancient civilization which historical accounts and artifacts indicate existed in this region. What mysterious people constructed earthen forts, burial mounds, macadamized roadways? Who left pictographs, inscribed stones and giant skeletons to be discovered?<br />
<br />
“In the 1850s while excavating a root cellar in Palatine (East Fairmont), workers uncovered two very large human skeletons. Measuring the bones, people were amazed to find the entombed humans had been more than eight feet tall.<br />
<br />
“It was reported that hundreds of ancient pieces of pottery, flint weapons, stone carvings and skeletons were peddled at the Valley Falls railroad station. Some of the finest specimens were purchased by visiting German royalty and taken to Europe as curios.<br />
<br />
“In 1875 workmen were constructing a bridge near the mouth of Paw Paw Creek at Rivesville. While digging through heavy clay soil they were astonished to uncover three giant skeletons [with] strands of reddish hair clinging to the skulls. A local doctor was called to examine the remains. The doctor was able to ascertain after careful measurement that the skeletons were approximately eight feet in length. “There have been many historical references to a mystic race of giant red-haired humans inhabiting this continent in the distant past.”<br />
<br />
<strong>Report by the San Diego Union</strong><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/nevadadesert.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-1300" height="199" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/nevadadesert-300x199.jpg" title="nevadadesert" width="300" /></a> According to the San Diego Union, August 5, 1947, the mummified remains of giants were discovered buried near the Arizona-Nevada-California wasteland. The giants’ remains were still clothed in strange garments. The team of explorers tentatively dated the remains as nearly 18,000 years old.<br />
<br />
The year was 1931 and a retired Cincinnati doctor, F. Bruce Russell, accidentally found several tunnels located near Death Valley. Unable to return to the area until 1947, he solicited the assistance of Dr. Daniel S. Bovee – the man who had revealed New Mexico’s cliff dwellings to the world via several lengthy articles appearing in National Geographic Magazine. With Dr. Bovee’s help, Dr. Russell recovered the remains of several giants with heights ranging from eight to nine feet.<br />
<br />
“These giants,” said Hill, “are clothed in garments consisting of a medium length jacket and trouser extending slightly below the knees. The texture of the material is said to resemble gray dyed sheepskin, but obviously it was taken from an animal unknown [to us] today.”<br />
<br />
Who were these mysterious people that roamed America long before the Woolly Mammoths became extinct? Were they our ancestors or another race of humans like the Neanderthals? Some researchers notice strong similarities with large brained Cro-magnon man.<br />
<br />
Not much more is known about these giants of North America beyond what I’ve shared here except for one more interesting fact. About twenty years ago in northern China a university’s archaeological dig stumbled upon the burial grounds of twenty-two strange, gigantic men. Each giant had once stood over ten feet high and each was garbed in strange leather armor; around their skulls hung long strands of hair. . . <strong>Red hair</strong>.The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-49561304133298710322011-12-24T07:11:00.000-08:002011-12-24T11:30:49.719-08:00Studies Contradict View That Race Doesn’t Exist<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJma8aDm8xu9b5llntAcHhxSvjTVtCI17eNkyp08ni_2RH7eRAddwdJwUR8heoa6Rqk-ZfrzeDbQf2N6hcz0QCimVe0f_8uWVQwAq940hHx7sHAOMr2DCGst8_r328tYmvA8l3mAtDsg/s1600/black-and-white-races.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJma8aDm8xu9b5llntAcHhxSvjTVtCI17eNkyp08ni_2RH7eRAddwdJwUR8heoa6Rqk-ZfrzeDbQf2N6hcz0QCimVe0f_8uWVQwAq940hHx7sHAOMr2DCGst8_r328tYmvA8l3mAtDsg/s320/black-and-white-races.jpg" width="320" /></a> Racial differences among people are real, new studies suggest, contradicting claims by some of the world’s leading scientists and scientific institutions that race doesn’t exist. These experts had said race is merely a “social construct,” or a creation of society’s collective imagination. But the new studies from Stanford University in Stanford, California suggest that the way people classify themselves by race reflects real and clear genetic differences among them. </div><br />
But they added that it’s important to define race correctly, since dangerous misconceptions, such as the notion that some races are superior to others, persist and can serve to excuse racism. What is true, researchers said in light of the new studies, is that people of different races have different ancestries. This means different genes, since genes are inherited from ancestors. “The public in general is much more honest” about race than many academics are, “because the general public knows it signifies something rather than nothing,” said Jon Entine, a journalist and author.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_COyD9qVNuY9ved3b6Hzf6595e-i0KdQXnFcB1PVYOqpoGoqhmsTgXri3q830xbie3VUB_GCnCHcN6CMvmt4noJXCsu-5z0cRJFECFRI1Ff9s4D1V26F06fjRo0SZu0ycyOpFHDvGmg/s1600/extreme_contrasts_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_COyD9qVNuY9ved3b6Hzf6595e-i0KdQXnFcB1PVYOqpoGoqhmsTgXri3q830xbie3VUB_GCnCHcN6CMvmt4noJXCsu-5z0cRJFECFRI1Ff9s4D1V26F06fjRo0SZu0ycyOpFHDvGmg/s320/extreme_contrasts_1.jpg" width="285" /></a> The latest research to challenge the race-as-social-construct theory is a study of 3,636 people from across America and Taiwan, led by Neil Risch, then of the Stanford University School of Medicine and now at the University of California at San Francisco. It found that people’s self-identified race is a nearly perfect indicator of their genetic background, contradicting the race-as-social-construct view, Risch said. The study’s authors said it was the largest study of its kind. The participants identified themselves as either white, African-American, East Asian or Hispanic. For each participant, the researchers examined 326 DNA regions that tend to vary between people. These regions are not necessarily within functioning genes—some regions of the genome have no known use—but are simply genetic signposts that come in a variety.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div>Without knowing how the participants had identified themselves, Risch and his team ran the results through a computer program that grouped individuals according to patterns of the 326 signposts. This analysis could have resulted in any number of different clusters, but only four clear groups turned up. And in each case the individuals within those clusters all fell within the same self-identified racial group.<br />
<br />
“This work comes on the heels of several contradictory studies about the genetic basis of race. Some found that race is a social construct with no genetic basis while others suggested that clear genetic differences exist between people of different races,” a press release from Stanford said.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMowXIHGY3bCfrOHrvP8Lh1N-mgkXvGe37zhCQQUEUCo4WfznXjfrKXn8lFN_DlpJcvUBQLA481pM60oRBI6KdOf6CJblS3fzukPavkAc9CcYrEzwO6bMRH_7lEACS1w5qcx0fXi9MJQ/s1600/raceface.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMowXIHGY3bCfrOHrvP8Lh1N-mgkXvGe37zhCQQUEUCo4WfznXjfrKXn8lFN_DlpJcvUBQLA481pM60oRBI6KdOf6CJblS3fzukPavkAc9CcYrEzwO6bMRH_7lEACS1w5qcx0fXi9MJQ/s1600/raceface.jpg" /></a>“What makes the current study, published in the February issue of the American Journal of Human Genetics, more conclusive is its size. The study is by far the largest, consisting of 3,636 people who all identified themselves as either white, African-American, East Asian or Hispanic. Of these, only five individuals had DNA that matched an ethnic group different than the box they checked at the beginning of the study.”</div><br />
Although it was reported as the largest study to find genetic differences between races, Risch’s study is not the first. Previous studies have found that Ashkenazi Jews are genetically more susceptible than average for Tay-Sachs disease, a fatal nervous system disorder, for instance. Black populations have been found to carry higher levels of a mutation that leads to sickle-cell anemia. The education gap is another reality that shows up repeatedly regardless of socioeconomic conditions.<br />
Risch’s study is not only the largest study but also the first to find that these genetic differences are not isolated cases involving a handful of genes, but are spread throughout the genome. These differences should be of more than passing interest to the medical community, Risch added, because recognizing them can help tailor treatments and prevention programs to better serve specific ethnic groups.<br />
<br />
It can also help geneticists avoid skewed results in epedemiological studies, he wrote. For instance, failing to account for the gene-race relationship could make researchers think a particular difference between populations results from genes when in fact it stems from different cultural conditions. Several scientists who have supported the view of race as a social construct did not respond to requests for comment on the new studies, including officials from the American Anthropological Association and the author of the New England Journal editorial.<br />
<br />
However, some other scientists reacted without surprise to the new findings. “As an ordinary citizen educated in biology, it is self-evident that there are genetic differences between people who have been geographically segregated into mating populations, just as there are genetic differences for all species and subspecies,” wrote Michael Wigler, a professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, in an email.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><object height="360" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/bGbFKt2TzzQ?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/bGbFKt2TzzQ?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="360" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-47823183654182305392011-12-24T05:59:00.000-08:002011-12-24T06:03:26.428-08:00New Human Race/Species Discovered<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjan8KG5exP8RkwoqyVpreru1eKsPhDDqwGDA3NMoLFLivenyhixiWTX7XLY-XTZWIb8gg8eH3geUZ6VK6mM8Nud9vZd3B2LzhaxIXvJrDVCQa2OSZku_WIm4PVydx9mov0xD8i1Yloug/s1600/races-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjan8KG5exP8RkwoqyVpreru1eKsPhDDqwGDA3NMoLFLivenyhixiWTX7XLY-XTZWIb8gg8eH3geUZ6VK6mM8Nud9vZd3B2LzhaxIXvJrDVCQa2OSZku_WIm4PVydx9mov0xD8i1Yloug/s320/races-2.jpg" width="320" /></a> The ancient humans have been dubbed “Denisovans” after the caves in Siberia where their remains were found. There is also evidence that this population was widespread in Eurasia. A study in Nature journal shows that Denisovans co-existed with Neanderthals and interbred with other ancestors of the human species – perhaps around 50,000 years ago. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> An international group of researchers sequenced a complete genome from one of the ancient hominins (human-like creatures), based on nuclear DNA extracted from a finger bone. Professor Chris Stringer: “It’s nothing short of sensational – we didn’t know know how ancient people in China related to these other humans”. Scientists say an entirely separate type of human identified from bones in Siberia co-existed and interbred with Neanderthal, Cro Magnon, and others.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div> According to the researchers, this provides confirmation there were at least four distinct types of human in existence with other races of anatomically modern humans in their African homeland. Along with modern humans, scientists knew about the Neanderthals and a dwarf human species found on the Indonesian island of Flores nicknamed “The Hobbit”. To this list, experts must now add the Denisovans.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Denisovans-tooth.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1556" height="168" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Denisovans-tooth-300x168.jpg" title="Denisovans-tooth" width="300" /></a>The implications of the finding have been described by Professor Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London as “nothing short of sensational”.<br />
Scientists were able to analyse DNA from a tooth and from a finger bone excavated in the Denisova cave in southern Siberia. The individuals belong to a genetically distinct group of humans that were distantly related to Neanderthals but even more distantly related to the ancestors of Cro Magnon, universally considered the first fully "modern" human. <br />
<div align="left"><br />
</div> The finding adds weight to the theory that a different kind of human could have existed in Eurasia at the same time as other races or species of humo sapiens. Researchers have had enigmatic fossil evidence to support this view but now they have some firm evidence from the genetic study carried out by Professor Svante Paabo of the Max Planck Institute in Leipzig, Germany. “A species of early human living in Europe evolved,” according to Professor Paabo. “There was a western form that was the Neanderthal and an eastern form, the Denisovans.” <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><object height="360" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/bGbFKt2TzzQ?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/bGbFKt2TzzQ?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="360" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-59522235366420842992011-12-23T13:54:00.000-08:002011-12-23T13:57:10.101-08:00The Cloud People of Peru<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEYvNj-505HcklgU-MFuCBw5wkjXCIkSfj8VzMwSXNBFGUKm8YqfYazNz7XFhSnD9p3o9_lCHGiLDN7kif_aoT1aZLx-tihji5ZHj7zeWOyeFZiLpnBHfnHgyyjyXYyXbJQ22kn17fww/s1600/cloud-people.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEYvNj-505HcklgU-MFuCBw5wkjXCIkSfj8VzMwSXNBFGUKm8YqfYazNz7XFhSnD9p3o9_lCHGiLDN7kif_aoT1aZLx-tihji5ZHj7zeWOyeFZiLpnBHfnHgyyjyXYyXbJQ22kn17fww/s320/cloud-people.jpg" width="320" /></a> Shoulder to shoulder and nearly naked, gnome-like statues have stood for centuries at Los Pinchudos, a stone-and-plaster complex of nine tombs built into a high rock cleft in one of Peru’s northern cloud forests. The two-foot-tall (half-meter-tall) mahogany carvings bore silent witness as waves of looters hiked up to ransack the burial chambers. Vandals even hacked down one of the six unusual statues, whose robust male anatomy inspired the name Los Pinchudos (slang for “the big penises”). </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> By the time locals led researchers to the site in 1980, the tombs were nearly empty. Yet the initial absence of mummies didn’t deter archaeologist Warren Church, who’s worked for 19 years to save Los Pinchudos and learn its secrets.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Little is known about the hill tribes that in the tenth century began carving settlements out of the dense cloud forests in the mountains between the Marañón and Huallaga Rivers. Inca contemporaries called them Chachapoya, the Cloud People. Although they left no written language, they did leave scores of stone ruins in this vertical wilderness of orchids, butterflies, and jaguars, where thick brush and mists camouflage sheer drop-offs. “You can literally find your legs dangling over empty space, your armpits supported by tree branches,” says Church.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><u style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1658" height="167" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/cloud-people-of-peru_map01-300x167.jpg" title="cloud-people-of-peru_map01" width="300" /></u> For more than 500 years the Chachapoya cut farm terraces and villages into these steep slopes, raised llamas and guinea pigs—and fought each other. Around 1470 the Inca conquered the region. When Spaniards arrived in 1535, the surviving Chachapoya joined them to rout the Inca, impressing the Europeans with their battle prowess. <br />
By 1700 smallpox and other diseases had killed most of the Chachapoya.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div> Los Pinchudos is a vital link to this lost people. Researchers don’t know who was buried here but think the tombs relate to Chachapoya ruins nearby at Gran Pajatén. Even in its looted state the site has yielded tantalizing artifacts such as shell jewelry, which suggests contact with coastal people. Most surprising are the statues. Wood artifacts rarely survive the cloud forests’ extreme humidity. Scientists attribute the figures’ preservation to the site’s location in an arid microclimate.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/cloud-people-of-peru_village02.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-1660" height="209" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/cloud-people-of-peru_village02-300x209.jpg" title="cloud-people of peru village" width="300" /></a> The tombs might have been lost without Church and Peruvian conservator Ricardo Morales Gamarra, who, with World Monuments Fund support, restored the eroding foundations. Church believes Los Pinchudos and its surroundings will teach volumes about this extinct culture: “My mind races, thinking of what the forests still hold.” Now a team of archaeologists, working on a tip-off from a local farmer, have uncovered a burial site in a 820ft-deep cave. The researchers have so far found five mummies, two of which are intact, as well as ceramics, textiles and wall paintings.<br />
<br />
“This is a discovery of transcendental importance. We have found these five mummies but there could be many more,” Mr Corbera said. “We think this is the first time any kind of underground burial site this size has been found belonging to Chachapoyas or other cultures in the region.”<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/cloud-people-of-peru_village01.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1668" height="225" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/cloud-people-of-peru_village01-300x225.jpg" title="cloud-people-of-peru_village01" width="300" /></a> The tribe’s own name is unknown. The word Chachapoyas is thought to come from the Quechua for “cloud people”, and is the name by which they were known to the Incas, because of the cloud forests they inhabited in what is now northern Peru. A white-skinned people who were famed as ferocious fighters, the Chachapoyas held out against the Incans, who ruled an empire stretching from southern Chile to northern Ecuador until their conquest by the Spanish.<br />
<br />
“The remote site for this cemetery tells us that the Chachapoyas had enormous respect for their ancestors because they hid them away for protection,” Mr Corbera said. “Locals call the cave Iyacyecuj, or Enchanted Water in Quechua, because of its spiritual importance and its underground rivers. The tribe had white skin and blonde hair – features which intrigue historians, as there is no known European ancestry in the region, where most (other) inhabitants are darker skinned. Archaeologists found an underground burial vault inside a cave with five mummies, two intact with skin and hair. ‘The women and their husbands always dressed in woollen clothes and in their heads they wear their llautos [a woollen turban], which are a sign they wear to be known everywhere.’ <br />
<br />
Chachapoyas chronicler Pedro Cieza de Leon wrote of the tribe: ‘They are the whitest and most handsome of all the people that I have seen, and their wives were so beautiful that because of their gentleness, many of them deserved to be the Incas’ wives and to also be taken to the Sun Temple. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><object height="360" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/2V9S9cEB_BE?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/2V9S9cEB_BE?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="360" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-60539232891991653712011-12-23T11:56:00.000-08:002011-12-23T12:58:26.795-08:00Royal Mummies of Ancient Egypt<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr0hp99sWrKg1FYDOgYhK9HSU3uk7Xaib7uAn7F8u6g4wxamcQB9RmK4gWePuvNqD4xjfj2Db7cIvbS6I7JvmXO62U0Qoo74eLR9Hoaz5AA8I1AsrvQH0y7OOtvGBihxRzzZImz8heXg/s1600/hatshepsut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr0hp99sWrKg1FYDOgYhK9HSU3uk7Xaib7uAn7F8u6g4wxamcQB9RmK4gWePuvNqD4xjfj2Db7cIvbS6I7JvmXO62U0Qoo74eLR9Hoaz5AA8I1AsrvQH0y7OOtvGBihxRzzZImz8heXg/s1600/hatshepsut.jpg" /></a> The mummy which Egyptologists have identified as Queen Hatshepsut, wife of Pharaoh Thutmosis II, is displayed at the Egyptian museum in Cairo. She ruled Egypt after Thutmosis’ death in 1520 BC. Her long hair and facial structure has been well preserved by the embalming process of the time. American Egyptologist Donald P. Ryan excavated her tomb, in the Valley of the Kings, during the course of 1989. Ryan describes the mummy as follows: <strong>“The mummy was mostly unwrapped and on its back. Strands of reddish-blond hair lay on the floor beneath the head.”</strong></div><br />
The myths and legends of Greece, India and South America describe the rule of Osiris and Isis.” The Mighty Osiris and Isis walked into the Egyptian Valley out of nowhere and assumed command.’ They were taller and more imposing than the men of the time, with long blond hair, marblelike white skin and remarkable powers that enabled miracles”.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjriNLLUz6FqsWE0oenWqluIOPivzdqruxS33Yb_WOhbURXLWJbMKbIkI75ZKuVX1Pv6yB5XicNveebwuwTHdSG_cznhby_zoNA8CDOb2c52kUHKi0evOEsW595pn1MASt1wz7_5acY3Q/s1600/joseph-mummy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjriNLLUz6FqsWE0oenWqluIOPivzdqruxS33Yb_WOhbURXLWJbMKbIkI75ZKuVX1Pv6yB5XicNveebwuwTHdSG_cznhby_zoNA8CDOb2c52kUHKi0evOEsW595pn1MASt1wz7_5acY3Q/s1600/joseph-mummy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjriNLLUz6FqsWE0oenWqluIOPivzdqruxS33Yb_WOhbURXLWJbMKbIkI75ZKuVX1Pv6yB5XicNveebwuwTHdSG_cznhby_zoNA8CDOb2c52kUHKi0evOEsW595pn1MASt1wz7_5acY3Q/s1600/joseph-mummy.jpg" /></a> Yuya-(Joseph II) Biblical Joseph Egyptian Prime Minister during 1400 BC. Father of Tiy. Yuya’s blonde hair and Caucasian facial struture have been well preserved by the embalming process. He was married to Tjuyu, an Egyptian noblewoman associated with the royal family, who held high offices in the governmental and religious hierarchies. Their daughter, Tiye, the Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep III. <br />
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The tomb of Yuya and Tjuyu was, until the discovery of Tutankhamun’s, one of the most spectacular ever found in the Valley of the Kings despite Yuya not even being a pharaoh. Although the burial site was robbed in antiquity, many objects not considered valuable by the robbers still remained. Both the mummies were largely intact and were in an amazing state of preservation.<br />
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<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/mummy-hair.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-753" height="139" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/mummy-hair.jpg" title="RAMSES II" width="300" /></a> The mummy of the red haired Egyptian King, Ramses II, is on public display at the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. Forensics tests were done on Ramses, proving that his red hair was ‘natural’. Microscopic examinations showed that the hair roots contained natural red pigments, and that these red pigments did not result from the hair somehow fading, or otherwise being altered after death, but did represent Ramesses’ natural hair color.<br />
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<div style="text-align: left;"> Egypt’s last display of national vigor came with the red haired Pharaoh Ramses II (1292 – 1225 BC). Ramses II managed to re-establish the already decaying Egyptian Empire by re-capturing much land in Nubia. After this king, Egypt entered into a steady period of decay, caused directly by the elimination of the original Egyptians, and their replacement with a mixed population. This racially divergent nation was never again to reach the heights achieved by the First, Second or the first part of the Third Kingdoms. In these later years there were competing claimants to the pharaohs throne, many of whom, racially speaking, bore no resemblance to the original pharaohs at all.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/amenhotep-ii.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-full wp-image-765" height="180" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/amenhotep-ii.jpg" title="amenhotep-ii" width="260" /></a> The ‘Elder Lady’ (discovered in KV35, lying next to the the badly damaged Younger Lady) is well-mumified, with curly hair and must have been about 50 years old when she died. She was discovered in KV35 and many scholars believe that she may be Queen Tiye, the mother of Akhenaten.</div> Supporting this theory are her age at death and the possibly ‘royal’ position of her hands (the left arm at the chest and the right down by her side). In addition, one study comparing a strand of the Elder Lady’s hair to a lock of hair found inside a tiny coffinette inscribed for Tiye from Tutankhamun’s tomb concluded that the samples matched. The fact of red-headed Egyptians has not only anthropological interest however, but also great symbolic importance. In ancient Egypt, the god Seth was said to have been red-haired, and redheads were said to worship the god devoutly. <br />
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<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/seti-mummy.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-771" height="200" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/seti-mummy.jpg" title="seti-mummy" width="158" /></a> The Ramessides (the family of Ramesses II), believed themselves to be divine descendants of Seth, with their red hair as proof of their lineage. She speculated that Ramesses II may have been descended from a long line of redheads. <br />
The mummy of Pharaoh Seti I is the most lifelike of the great pharaohs of Egypt, and a tribute to the embalmer’s art. His caucasian features remain crystal clear and because of the excellent preservation process, Seti’s mummy can easily be compared with a relief of his face made in his lifetime at the Temple at Abydos. Seti was the son of the great Ramses I, and became pharaoh in 1320 BC. He reoccupied lands in Syria lost to earlier Syrian invasions, conquered Palestine and conducted campaigns against the Semitic Libyans and the Indo-European Hittites.<br />
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Negroid hair doesn’t magically transform into typically Caucasian hair as a result of the mummification process, as is often claimed. ALL the anthropologists that examined the mummy hair have described the hair as Caucasian overall; you just might have to assume that a bunch of highly trained professionals might actually know what they are talking about, even if it does not fit the current politically correct afrocentric views endorsed by the UN.<br />
<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/ginger.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-full wp-image-779" height="163" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/ginger.jpg" title="ginger" width="300" /></a> A well preserved body from the pre-dynastic period in Egypt, circa 3,300 BC. Buried in a sand grave, the natural dryness of the surroundings kept the body preserved. His red hair have been so well preserved that he has been given the nickname “Ginger” at the British Museum where he is kept on display.<br />
After the Human Tissue Act 2004, the British Museum has developed policies for ethical treatment of human remains and no longer uses the nickname famously known as “Ginger”.<br />
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Despite the refusal of the Secretary General of the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities, Zahi Hawass, to release any DNA results which might indicate the racial ancestry of Pharaoh Tutankhamen, the leaked results reveal that King Tut’s DNA is a 99.6 percent match with Western European Y chromosomes.<br />
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<a href="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/king-tut.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-787" height="300" src="http://www.articlesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/king-tut-225x300.jpg" title="king-tut" width="225" /></a>The DNA test results were inadvertently revealed on a Discovery Channel TV documentary filmed with Hawass’s permission — but it seems as if the Egyptian failed to spot the giveaway part of the documentary which revealed the test results.<br />
Hawass previously announced that he would not release the racial DNA results of Egyptian mummies — obviously because he feared the consequences of such a revelation.<br />
Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations, for example R1b or R1b1. Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups have different haplogroup designations. In essence, haplogroups give an inisight into ancestral origins dating back thousands of years. By entering all the STR data inadvertently shown on the Discovery video, a 99.6 percent fit with the R1b haplogroup is revealed. The significance is, of course, that R1b is the most common Y-chromosome haplogroup in Europe reaching its highest concentrations in Ireland, Scotland, western England and the European Atlantic seaboard — in other words, European through and through… refugees from Atlantis, and NOT “out-of-Africa”.<br />
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<center><object height="360" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/YCZYWehiOTw?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/YCZYWehiOTw?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="360" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></center>The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016521549233303349.post-29533964132865922852011-12-23T09:06:00.000-08:002011-12-23T10:45:58.362-08:00King Tut’s DNA and Ancestry<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Ftg67JWOar6FsTrd9YbzALL2To3yB3rNn37o9izv8rgSVSkjyNL1ekPF_PO8MjgxKIXGVIX3GY3ep5kUQYBya2Q-MLJ2mUDTGvVO2WyFy7de6NXLRN6GqwDw9MGjx9og9hDkzsHJkA/s1600/king_tut_ancestors.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Ftg67JWOar6FsTrd9YbzALL2To3yB3rNn37o9izv8rgSVSkjyNL1ekPF_PO8MjgxKIXGVIX3GY3ep5kUQYBya2Q-MLJ2mUDTGvVO2WyFy7de6NXLRN6GqwDw9MGjx9og9hDkzsHJkA/s320/king_tut_ancestors.jpg" width="320" /></a> Scientists at Zurich-based DNA genealogy center, iGENEA, claim they have reconstructed the DNA profile of King Tut, his father Akhenaten and grandfather Amenhotep III. The researchers say they believe King Tut belonged to a genetic profile group known as haplogroup R1b1a2. More than 50 per cent of all men in Western Europe belong to this genetic group as do up to 70 per cent of British men. But among modern-day Egyptians, less than 1 per cent of residents belong to this haplogroup, according to scientists. Researchers say it’s likely that King Tut and Europeans share a common ancestor who lived in the Caucasus region about 9,500 years ago. The geneticists were not sure how Tutankhamun’s paternal lineage came to Egypt from its region of origin, though it is clear that technology such as chariots and domesticated horses was introduced from a foreign source.</div><br />
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Along with the discovery, iGENEA made another announcement this week: the company will conduct testing to find which modern-day European is the closest living relative of King Tut. “The offer has only been publicized for three days but we have already seen a lot of interest,” Roman Scholz, director of the iGENEA Centre.The Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00123860788278474719noreply@blogger.com